WAVE COLUMNS

How it works

• A concrete chamber is part way under the water and sitting on the seabed, which has a small hole to the atmosphere
• When the wave crests it causes the water in the chamber to rise and fall causing the pressure of the air to be trapped. 
• Pressure from the water forces air to pass through the turbine at the top to generate electricity.
• Connected to a off-the-shelf generator that is compatible with the local grid, which can be transmitted at whatever frequency is needed for the local area.
• costs 5.5 million to build
•  dimensions of 20 meters by 20 meters and 18 meters tall→ only 8 meters above the water line
  • 10 meters of water depth

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Advantages:

• Can also desalinate water power from the plant can also be used to power a reverse osmosis plant on shore or on the chamber

  • creates 4 million litres of fresh drinking water

• Able to be used on average for 25 years until concrete needs replacement

  • ​When removed does not leave a large mark and does not affect the habitat

• Most cost comparable to coal

• Higher rate of return  

• Never run out of waves

• Portugal, Uk and Spain have incentives for wave energy→ increased market demand

• Can help remote islands gain lower costing more available energy sources

• Indonesia and other good wave climates have a market of 25,000 MW

• One megawatt (MW) = 1,000 kilowatts = 1,000,000 watts.

• Internal rate of return largest in Europe, Japan and North America  → with 10% IRR

• Only limitation for this technology is space availability

• Easily predictable → can calculate size and intensity of wave

• Far of shore so can not be heard

• The low frequency sound wave→not heard from shore unlike with wind energy

• Not able to be seen on the shore

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BUOY ENERGY

How it Works:

• 1-2 meters below the water

• Look like floating mushrooms

• 240 KW per buoy

• 11 meters across made of steel and filled with a mixture of seawater and foam

• Not as vulnerable to storms because of not being part above the water and part below

• A pump connected to the buoy pushes pressurized water through piping to a power station

  • Causes desalination automatically

• 12-15 cents per kwH from 100 MW farm

• Costs 11 million for a farm

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Advantages:

• Does not produce CO2

• Desalinates water

• Takes very little energy to produce

• No fuel needed for transportation to plant

• All waste is non-toxic and can be retuned to the water

• Creates an ecosystem within the ocean

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OFFSHORE WIND

How It Works:

• wind turbine brought out into the ocean using crane and tug boat

• set into place using cables and floats

• electricity transmitted through cables back to power plant

• 22.15 cents per kilowatt hour

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Advantages:

• Takes up no land space

• Constant energy

• No sound onshore

• Very little energy needed after installment

• Does not emit CO2

• Can be transmitted to remote places

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